The most detailed protocol for monitoring beach litter is used by ospar 2010. Marine litter monitoring programe 5 step guide surfers. It is estimated that a large amount of the litter eventually sinks to the sea floor. Below there are links to a simple 5 step guide for both survey coordinators and survey volunteers. Monitoring guidance for marine litter in european seas draft report 20 mfsd ges technical subgroup on marine litter page 36 of 120 3. Extensive and systematic monitoring of pollution with marine litter will be necessary, if the proposed evaluation system is to be used widely as a basis for strategies against litter pollution. A guideline for monitoring marine litter on beaches has been developed by ospar ospar. It was broadened to cover landbased sources and the offshore industry by the paris convention of 1974. Commission, 2010 as a tool to collect data on litter in the marine. Ospar standard method and software for statistical analysis of. World leaders increasingly recognise the scale of the problem, and at the 2012 rio earth summit they committed to a. Surveys are carried out at regular intervals of three months and abundances of 112 different litter types are recorded.
Guidance on monitoring of marine litter in european seas 20 msfd technical subgroup on marine litter 3 6. Since 1998, ospar has monitored levels of beach litter ospar 2010a. The ospar beach litter common indicator is organized by david fleet germany, who has also made the ospar beach litter assessment. Ospar commission icg ml12 1445e agenda item 4 icg ml12 1445e ospar convention for the protection of the marine environment of the northeast atlantic intersessional correspondence group on marine litter icgml vigo. Beach litter abundance, composition and trends ospar. Based on experience from the field surveys, the survey protocol was subsequently. A guideline for monitoring marine litter on beaches has been developed by ospar ospar commission, 2010 as a tool to collect data on litter in the marine environment.
Ospar beach litter monitoring in the netherlands 20102015. This tool has been designed to generate data on marine litter according to a standardized methodology. Ospar beach litter monitoring in the netherlands 20 annual. Introduction the following methodology has been prepared based on the eu msfd tg10 guidance on monitoring of marine litter in european seas 20, the ospar guideline for monitoring marine litter on the beaches. Recommendations for monitoring debris trends in the marine environment 20, taking into consideration the draft unepmap medpol.
The report guidance on monitoring of marine litter in european seas proposes protocols for the monitoring of litter and micro litter small litter fragments below 5 mm in various compartments of the marine environment such as seashore, seafloor, seasurface and biota. Marine litter also accumulates in coastal areas, either on the sea bottom or on beaches when washed ashore. The ospar beach litter monitoring began as a pilot project in 2001. The assessment is based on a timeseries of abundance and type of litter items collected on a network of ospar survey sites. The comparable quantification of marine litter across europe, by the use. Helcom habitat 92007, document 72 annex 1 helcom recommendation on harmonization of methods of sampling and reporting the amount and type of marine litter on the beach within the baltic sea region the commission, recalling paragraph 1 of the article 24 of the helsinki convention 1992, in which the contracting parties undertake directly, or when. Ospar standard method and software for statistical. Plastic polystyrene, metal, paper and cardboard, wood, sanitary waste, cloth, rubber, glass, potteryceramics, medical waste and faeces. This information can be used to focus on effective mitigating measures and to test the effectiveness of existing legislation and regulations. The app has been developed by the european environment agency. Litter analyst a tailormade software for analysing the results of beach litter surveys litter. The monitoring records litter in 112 predefined litter items in 11 types.
Introduction to floating litter the monitoring of floating marine litter corresponds to indicator 10. The appendices to the cemp agreement provide an overview of the parameters included in the monitoring programmes of each contracting party. A multicriteria evaluation system for marine litter. Appendix f ospar marine litter monitoring survey form. The standard length of a survey site is 100m of coastline. The necessity of a uniform way of monitoring the marine litter led to standardize. A multicriteria evaluation system for marine litter pollution based on statistical analyses of ospar beach litter monitoring time series. Ospar litter monitoring monitoring and assessment of marine litter is a key part of ospar s work both in support of the rapml and more generally as a contribution to wider state of the environment reporting. Litter monitoring means repeated surveys of beaches, sea bed, water column, surface. The method for monitoring marine beach litter was initially developed by experts of the beachwatch and coastwatch projects and was agreed upon by the ospar pilot project steering group in 2000.
Ospar beach litter monitoring in the netherlands 20. Harmonising marine litter monitoring for plastic free oceans. The ospar beach litter monitoring program should be continued, although modifications, such as, for example, an increased frequency of surveys, could. Software, litter, was developed as r package r core team, 2018, in which all statistical methods described in section 2. Common indicators assess change over time for the included parameters against a threshold value or assessment value. Osparmsfd beach litter monitoring this project has the following goals. Ospar monitors litter on 100m stretches at over 70 beaches in the northeast atlantic following common monitoring guidelines. Since 2001, beach litter surveys have been carried out on 100 m stretches of coastline in a total of 129 beach survey sites bordering on the north sea and the northeast atlantic. These allow the abundance, trends and composition of marine litter in the ospar maritime area to be determined for different marine compartments floating, seafloor and coast. Participants were very interested to learn that the ospar marine litter data supported the development of a regional action plan that contributed to the new eu plastics strategy. An airborne remote sensing case study of synthetic hydrocarbon detection using short wave infrared absorption features identified from marineharvested macroand. Monitoring and mapping microplastics in marine ecosystems.
Marine litter presents a huge problem in our oceans, with some scientists warning that, by 2050, the quantity of plastics in the oceans will outweigh fish. Methodology for monitoring marine litter on beaches. The very few marine litter monitoring activities described above applied the ospar methodology ospar guideline for monitoring marine litter on the beaches in the ospar maritime area. Overview of available methods to monitor marine plastic litter. The ospar common indicators assess the changes in populations of marine mammals, seabirds, fish, they look at changes in the phyto and zooplankton communities, benthic habitats and food webs. Regulation and management of marine litter springerlink. Monitoring guidance for marine litter in european seas.
The marine litter monitoring will be captured on the marine litterwatch app, available for free on ios and android devices. The ospar codes for the marine litter program are 116 and numbered from 1 to 121 codes 51, 58, 85, 106, 107 do not exist in the ospar guidelines. It started in 1972 with the oslo convention against dumping. Marine litter monitoring in the adriatic 07 defishgear. Cemp guidelines on litter on the seafloor ospar agreement 201706 source. But imo and others have been taking action to address the problem, including regulating the discharge of garbage from ships and supporting research work. Objectives for monitoring marine litter on beaches the collection of data on marine beach litter provides information on amounts, trends and sources of marine litter. The ospar coordinated environmental monitoring programme cemp describes monitoring activities in the region. Marine environmental monitoring is undertaken to provide evidence that environmental management targets are being met. The surveys are carried out according to the ospar guideline for monitoring marine litter on the beaches in the ospar maritime area ospar agreement 201002. Ospar currently assesses beach litter, seabed litter and plastic particles in fulmar stomachs indicators, as part of its monitoring and assessment programme. The application of litter analyst, a tailormade software for analysing the results of beach litter surveys, to ospar beach litter data from seven beaches bordering on the southeastern north sea, revealed 23 significant trends in the abundances of beach litter types for the period 20092014. Marine litter on the beaches in the ospar area 100 m edition 1.
Concept for a hyperspectral remote sensing algorithm for floating marine macro plastics. Marine debris monitoring and assessment recommendations for monitoring debris trends in the marine environment sherry lippiatt1,2, sarah opfer2,3, and courtney arthur1,2 1 i. Monitoring of marine litter in the ospar ospar commission. For the evaluation of trends of abundance of marine litter ingested by animals, the only longterm monitoring study is that of the ospar common indicator on. Since 2002, regular surveys of litter items on beaches have been carried out within the framework of the ospar. Ospar beach litter monitoring in the netherlands 20122017.
Ospar, guideline for monitoring marine litter on the beaches in the. Marine litter, regardless of the size, means any persistent, manufactured or processed solid material discarded, disposed of or abandoned in the marine and coastal environment. Monitoring guidance for marine litter in european seas draft report 20 mfsd ges technical subgroup on marine litter page 91 of 120 spatial and temporal comparisons, especially at broad scales, is that a wide variety of approaches have been used to identify, quantify and report measured concentrations of microplastics hidalgoruz et al. Marine litter also has significant economic cost for a range of marine industries, such as. The ospar indicator on beach litter is used to identify changes in the input of litter to the marine environment.
The secretariat will continue to support the work of the arctic council to which ospar became an observer in 2017, and its working groups, where the secretariat is actively engaging, particularly with the protection of the arctic marine environment pame, as co. Ospar marine litter monitoring survey form 100 metre area ospar id unep id items total plastic polystyrene 1 46pack yokes 2 bags e. Harmonising marine litter monitoring for plastic free. Marine litter floats, sinks or gets cast on beaches. Marine litter in european seas 20, the ospar guideline for monitoring marine litter on the beaches in the ospar maritime area 2010 and the nooa marine debris monitoring and assessment. Development of the ospar beach litter monitoring 20012014 the ospar beach litter monitoring began as a pilot project in 2001. Within the ospar region, beach litter has been monitored since 2001 using a standardized monitoring protocol ospar, 2010, which has generated a large beach litter dataset with high data quality. A pilot project 20002006 on monitoring marine beach litter in the ospar region using the standardized method was conducted ospar 2007. National oceanic and atmospheric administration, marine. The 48th meeting of helcom heads of delegation endorsed the concrete regional actions and voluntary national actions to reduce the input and presence of marine litter in the baltic sea annex 2 of the outcome of hod 482015 as part of the action plan previously adopted as helcom recommendation 361 annex 2 of the outcome of helcom 362015 by the 36th helcom annual. Baseline and power analyses for the assessment of beach. Marine litter is defined as any solid material which has been deliberately discarded or unintentionally. Moreover, monitoring also provides context to marine science and over the last century has allowed development of a critical scientific understanding of the marine environment and the impacts that humans are having on it.
These costs can include cleaning, blockages, entanglement and contamination. Guidance on monitoring of marine litter in european seas. Marine litter emff 2017 priority areas monitoring and quantification of marine litter development and testing of methodologies andor technologies to monitor and quantify the contribution of seabased sources of marine litter in the different compartments including transport pathways and hotspots of marine litter facilitating harmonised. Regional plan for the marine litter management in the. On behalf of ospar, a marine litter monitoring surveyor from the netherlands presented the ospar method and its development, data management and data analysis processes. The netherlands has contributed to this indicator by the. The results for the ospar pilot project on marine beach litter monitoring showed that from 2001 to 2006 there was no statistically significant increase or decrease in the amount of marine beach litter in the northeast atlantic. Monitoring guidance for marine litter in european seas draft report 20 mfsd ges technical subgroup on marine litter page 44 of 120 4.
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